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Multiple Choice

Which is the muscular middle layer of the heart?

The muscular middle layer is the myocardium. This layer is made of cardiac muscle tissue that contracts rhythmically to pump blood out of the heart’s chambers. It sits between the inner lining, called the endocardium, and the outer surface, called the epicardium. The surrounding sac that protects the heart is the pericardium, not a part of the heart wall itself. The myocardium’s action—contracting and generating force—is what drives the heart’s pumping, and its thickness varies (the left ventricle has the thickest layer because it does the most work).

The muscular middle layer is the myocardium. This layer is made of cardiac muscle tissue that contracts rhythmically to pump blood out of the heart’s chambers. It sits between the inner lining, called the endocardium, and the outer surface, called the epicardium. The surrounding sac that protects the heart is the pericardium, not a part of the heart wall itself. The myocardium’s action—contracting and generating force—is what drives the heart’s pumping, and its thickness varies (the left ventricle has the thickest layer because it does the most work).